A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection affecting the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The term "urinary tract" typically refers to the bladder and urethra. UTIs are more common in women than in men and can cause intense pain and discomfort.
Causes of a UTI
Most UTIs are caused by bacterial infections but may also develop due to:
Use of a diaphragm or condom with spermicidal agents
Long-term use of a catheter
Loss of estrogen due to menopause
Sexual activity can also spread bacteria and lead to UTIs. Additionally, diabetes may impair immune function, increasing susceptibility to urinary tract infections.
Symptoms of a UTI
A UTI causes inflammation and irritation of the bladder and urethra lining. This irritation can lead to pain in the abdomen and pelvic area and may cause the following symptoms:
Burning sensation during urination
Strong, persistent urge to urinate
Fever
Blood in the urine may also be a sign of a UTI.
Diagnosis of a UTI
UTIs are diagnosed through a physical examination and review of symptoms. A simple urine test is performed to detect bacteria in the urine. In some cases, an ultrasound may be used to further examine the urinary tract.
Treatment of a UTI
Most UTIs are treated with antibiotics. Pain medication may be prescribed to relieve the burning sensation during urination. Patients are also advised to drink plenty of fluids. If left untreated, a UTI can lead to kidney infections and potentially cause permanent damage to the kidneys.
Prevention of a UTI
While not all UTIs can be avoided, the following recommendations may help prevent them:
Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated
Urinate after intercourse to flush out bacteria
Avoid using contraceptives with spermicidal foam
Practice proper hygiene by wiping from front to back after bowel movements
Additionally, make sure to empty the bladder completely when urinating.
